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Designing and Planning Activities for ESL Adult Learners by: Carlo Domingo C. Casinto, Ph.D., FHEA

In this maiden post of ESLounge, I am going to share with you my writing experience of going through the application process of Advanced Higher Education Academy (AHEA) of UK fellowship program. A fellowship affiliation is an essential qualification for ESL teachers in institutions of higher learning.

My fellowship application has five parts. Each part reflects into my practice on a particular aspect of the teaching process. Each aspect of the teaching process must illustrate the impact of my teaching practice by demonstrating valid, reliable and quantifiable evidence. Honestly, I say, this is the most challenging part of the fellowship application.

In this first episode of the five-part series, I will discuss the theoretical framework by which I design and plan the learning activities. In the second episode, I will explain how I teach and support learning. References will be appended in the last episode.



      

           The pedagogical framework by which teaching and learning in Bahrain Polytechnic operates is problem-based learning (PBL). Hence, within the framework I plan and design learning activities for my students. This I carried out under the overarching philosophy of outcomes-based education (OBE). Essentially under OBE-PBL framework, I have to ensure that learning outcomes and learning activities must inform assessments (Derntl, M. et al, 2010). Learning outcomes and the context in which learning activities must be tailor-fitted to the assessment standards of my students’ field of specializations in business and logistics. I have observed that when synchronization of these instructional elements is laid out satisfactory mastery of essential employability skills are demonstrated in the students’ performance during assessments (Solvie and Kloek, 2007). 

            In the second semester of academic year 2017-2018, I have taken the lead of updating instructional resources on Moodle for EL5001 or Introduction to English Communication course. I have designed a number of communicative exercises and formative assessments on enabling skills in reading, grammar and vocabulary in order to build a stronger foundation for second language writers and speakers of English. I believe that when foundation skills are scaffolded to support learning, intermediate-level students as defined by Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) can gain more confidence in approaching academic text and in meeting the standards of the learning outcomes during assessments. Evidently, the cohort average score in reading and writing assessments has comparatively improved from 63.7% last semester to 72.5% in the current semester. This indeed confirms the important role of scaffolding in the teaching of language as espoused by Ovando, C., Collier, V., & Combs, M., (2003).

            Concurrently, I have also been part of a departmental team tasked to develop EL6003 or Critical Reading and Writing course. The course is delivered as a flipped  workshop-based class. Specifically, I have contributed to the design and creation of the face to face phase of the workshop. Along with this are teacher’s notes, model answers and in-house criterion-referenced tools or rubrics to guide tutors in the delivery of lessons and in the evaluation of students’ works during formative and summative assessments. I have realized that in blended learning, face to face session is an indispensable component. It is in this session, that students are provided the opportunity to work in teams in analysing a task, negotiating meanings in it, probing facts and opinions within it, and formulating a collective synthesis about it at the end. I have observed, as supported by students experience survey, that they have become more engaged since the face to face group activities require them to think critically and creatively together. This has translated to a higher average performance scores during the post activity compared to a pure online activity without the face to face component. However, there are identified issues with timing and pacing the lessons in the face to face session. I realized that future improvements of the course design, particularly on the structure of face to face delivery,  should be largely contingent on the review feedback of tutors especially on the aspects of efficiency and quality of students’ work outputs or performance in the post activity (Davis, 2014).

            Finally, I also recognized that all learning designs must have a feedback mechanism that is anchored on the principle of timeliness, relevance and validity [(Wiggins, 2008). Thus, I ensure that students’ works uploaded on Moodle are assess against the articulated standards/criteria on the rubric on a weekly basis and that constructive feedback focusing on the areas for improvement are highlighted and followed through regularly. In most cases, I set a one-on-one conference with my students so that I can involve them directly in the instructional loop. Students who have followed through the feedback performed better in the assessments (Roll, I. et al, 2006). This is currently evident in the difference of pass rates between formative and summative assessments in reading/writing from 65% to 78% and in listening/speaking from 73% to 90%. In addition, the efficiency rate of completing the assessment tasks has remarkably improved after the feedback is given and followed through. This clearly indicates the critical role of feedback in my teaching practice.

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